Towards A National Dengue Control Policy: A Critical Analysis Of Pakistan’s Existing Approaches

Abstract

Dengue fever remains a persistent public health challenge in Pakistan, with recurring outbreaks exacerbated by urbanization, climate change, poor sanitation, and fragmented governance. Despite provincial efforts and international support, the national response remains largely reactive— triggered after case surges—rather than proactive or preventive. This study critically examines Pakistan’s existing dengue control strategies using a qualitative and thematic analysis of academic research, government reports, and institutional frameworks. It identifies key gaps in surveillance, intersectoral coordination, diagnostic capacity, and community engagement. The findings highlight Pakistan’s continued vulnerability, especially during post-monsoon seasons, and reveal that short-term interventions have failed to prevent annual epidemics. Drawing on local and global best practices, the study outlines contours for a comprehensive National Dengue Control Policy. These include establishing a legally mandated National Dengue Control Authority, year-round Integrated Vector Management (IVM), targeted vaccination, real-time surveillance, and strengthened public awareness campaigns. The study also emphasizes the need for sustainable financing, legislative backing, and institutionalized monitoring to ensure long-term impact. A coordinated, evidence-based national policy can help Pakistan shift from emergency response to sustained public health protection against dengue.